Afganistan

Islamiko nga Republika han Afganistan
Islamiko nga Republika han Afganistan; جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان ; (Pinersyano: Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afġānistān); د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت ; (Pashto: Da Afġānistān Islāmī Jomhoriyat)
	Bandira
	Awit: Milli Surood
Pamunuan; ngan gidako-i nga syudad	Kabul
Opisyal nga mga pinulungan	Dari Persian,Pashto
(Mga) Tawag hin tawo	Afghan
Kagamhanan	Islamic Republic
• President	Hamid Karzai
• Vice President	Mohammad Fahim
• Vice President	Karim Khalili
• Chief Justice	Abdul Salam Azimi
Establishment
• First Afghan state	October 1747
• Independence from the United Kingdom	August 19, 1919
Langyab
• Bug-os	647,500 km2 (250,000 sq mi) (41st)
• Katubigan (%)	negligible
Kamolupyohan
• 2016 estimate	34,656,032 (40th)
• 1979 nga census	13,051,358
• Densidad	43.5/km2 (112.7/sq mi) (150th)
GDP (PPP)	2008 nga banabana
• Bug-os	$21.388 billion (96th)
• Per capita	$760 (172nd)
GDP (nominal)	2008 nga banabana
• Bug-os	$11.709 billion
• Per capita	$416
HDI (2007)	0.345; hamubo · 174
Salapi	Afghani (AFN)
Zona hin oras	UTC+4:30 (D†)
Dapit hin pagmanehar	right
Kodigo hin pagtawag	93
Internet TLD	.af

An Afganistan o kundi man Afghanistan (kaluwás ha Ininglis /æfˈɡænɪstæn, æfˈɡɑːnɪstɑːn/ ( pamati-a); Pashto/Dari: افغانستان, Pashto: Afġānistān [avɣɒnisˈtɒn, ab-],^{[lower-alpha 1]} Dari: Afġānestān [avɣɒnesˈtɒn]) nga an opisyal nga ngaran Republika Islamika han Afganistan (د افغانستان اسلامي دول > Da Afghanistan Islami Dawlat; دولت اسلامی افغانستا > Dolate Eslâmie Afghânestân; Iningles: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan; Kinatsila República Islámica de Afganistán o Estado Islámico de Transición de Afganistán ) usa nga sirado hin dagat nga nasod nga nahamutang ha Salatan-nga-Butnga nga Asya.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]. Ginsasapitan an Afganistan han Pakistan ha sidlangan ngan salatan;^{[lower-alpha 2]} han Iran ha katundan; han Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, ngan Tajikistan ha amihan; ngan ha hirayo nga dumagsaan, han Tsina. Na-okupar ini hin 652,000 square kilometers (252,000 sq mi), ngan usá ini nga nasod nga damo hin kabugkiran ngan mga patag ha amihan ngan ha habagatan. An syudad han Kabul amo an pamunuan o kapital ngan amo gihapon an gidako-i nga syudad han nasabi nga nasod. An kamolupyohan hiní 32 ka milyon, nga an kaurugan hini mga ethniiko nga mga Pashtun, mga Tajik, mga Hazara ngan mga Uzbek.

Etimolohiya

An ngaran nga Afghānistān (Pashto: افغانستان) gintutuohan nga sugad ka maiha han ethnonimo nga Afghan, nga gindokumenta dida han ika-10 nga gatostuig nga barasahon hin heyograpiya Hudud ul-'alam.^[9] An gamot nga ngaran "Afghan" gingamit ha kaagi hin pagtudlok hin usá nga api han ethniko nga mga Pashtun,^[10] ngan an suffix "-stan" nangangahulogan "lugar han (mga)" ha Pinersa. Sugad man, an ngaran nga Afghanistan o Afganistan nangangahulogan nga tuna han mga Afghan^[11] o, kun ha ispesipiko nga pagtudlok ha kaagi, ha tuna han mga Pashtun. Bisan pa man, an moderno nga Konstitusyon han Afghanistan nasiring nga "[a]n pulong nga Afghan gagamiton pagtudlok ha tagsa bungtohanon han Afghanistan."^[12]

Mga lalawigan ha Afganistan

**Mapa han mga lalawigan han Afganistan**

**Provinces of Afghanistan**^[13]
Lalawigan	Mapa #	ISO 3166-2:AF^[14]	Sentro/Kapital	Popyulasyon	Kahaluag (km²)	Yinaknan	Notes	U.N. Rehiyon
Badakhshan	30	AF-BDS	Fayzabad	823,000	44,059	Dari Persian, Pamiri, others	Composed of 29 districts	North East Afghanistan
Badghis	4	AF-BDG	Qala i Naw	429,500	20,591	Dari Persian, Pashto, Aimaqi, Turkmen, Uzbek	7 districts	West Afghanistan
Baghlan	19	AF-BGL	Puli Khumri	779,000	21,118	Uzbek, Turkmen, Pashto, Dari Persian	16 districts	North East Afghanistan
Balkh	13	AF-BAL	Mazari Sharif	1,096,100	17,249	Dari Persian, Uzbek	15 districts	North West Afghanistan
Bamyan	15	AF-BAM	Bamyan	387,300	14,175	Dari Persian and Hazaragi	7 districts	West Afghanistan
Daykundi	10	AF-DAY	Nili	399,600	8,088	Dari Persian, Hazaragi and Pashto	8 districts Formed from Orūzgān Province in 2004	South West Afghanistan
Farah	2	AF-FRA	Farah	438,000	48,471	Pashto, Dari Persian, Baloch	11 districts	West Afghanistan
Faryab	5	AF-FYB	Maymana	858,600	20,293	Dari Persian, Turkmen and Pashto	14 districts	North West Afghanistan
Ghazni	16	AF-GHA	Ghazni	931,000	22,915	Dari Persian, Hazaragi, Pashto	19 districts	South East Afghanistan
Ghor	6	AF-GHO	Chaghcharan	485,000	36,479	Aimaqi, Dari Persian	10 districts	West Afghanistan
Helmand	7	AF-HEL	Lashkar Gah	745,000	58,584	Pashto, Dari Persian, Hazaragi	13 districts	South West Afghanistan
Herat	1	AF-HER	Herat	1,182,000	54,778	Dari Persian, Aimaqi, Pashto, Turkmen	15 districts	West Afghanistan
Jowzjan	8	AF-JOW	Sheberghan	441,000	11,798	Uzbek, Dari Persian and Pashto	9 districts	North West Afghanistan
Kabul	22	AF-KAB	Kabul	3,314,000	4,462	Dari Persian, Pashto, others	15 districts	Central Afghanistan
Kandahar	12	AF-KAN	Kandahar	886,000	54,022	Pashto	16 districts	South West Afghanistan
Kapisa	29	AF-KAP	Mahmud-i-Raqi	360,000	1,842	Dari Persian	7 districts	Central Afghanistan
Khost	26	AF-KHO	Khost	300,000	4,152	Pashto	13 districts	South East Afghanistan
Kunar	34	AF-KNR	Asadabad	321,000	4,942	Pashto, Nuristani	15 districts	East Afghanistan
Kunduz	18	AF-KDZ	Kunduz	820,000	8,040	Uzbek, Dari Persian, Pashto, Turkmen	7 districts	North East Afghanistan
Laghman	32	AF-LAG	Mihtarlam	373,000	3,843	Dari Persian, Pashai, Pashto	5 districts	East Afghanistan
Logar	23	AF-LOW	Pul-i-Alam	292,000	3,880	Pashto, Dari Persian	7 districts	Central Afghanistan
Nangarhar	33	AF-NAN	Jalalabad	1,089,000	7,727	Pashto, Dari Persian, Pashai	23 districts	East Afghanistan
Nimruz	3	AF-NIM	Zaranj	149,000	41,005	Dari Persian (Seistani), Pashto, Balochi	5 districts	South West Afghanistan
Nurestan	31	AF-NUR	Parun	112,000	9,225	Nuristani, Pashto	7 districts	East Afghanistan
Orūzgān	11	AF-ORU	Tarin Kowt	627,000	22,696	Pashto, Hazaragi	6 districts	South West Afghanistan
Paktia	24	AF-PIA	Gardez	415,000	6,432	Pashto	11 districts	South East Afghanistan
Paktika	25	AF-PKA	Sharan	352,000	19,482	Pashto	15 districts	South East Afghanistan
Panjshir	28	AF-PAN	Bazarak	128,620	3,610	Dari Persian, Pamiri	5 districts Created in 2004 from Parwan Province	Central Afghanistan
Parwan	20	AF-PAR	Charikar	726,000	5,974	Dari Persian, Pashto	Composed of 9 districts	Central Afghanistan
Samangan	14	AF-SAM	Aybak	378,000	11,262	Uzbek, Dari Persian, Turkmen	5 districts	North West Afghanistan
Sar-e Pol	9	AF-SAR	Sar-e Pol	468,000	15,999	Dari Persian, Pashto and Uzbek	6 districts	North West Afghanistan
Takhar	27	AF-TAK	Taloqan	810,800	12,333	Dari Persian, Pashto, Uzbek, Turkmen	12 districts	North East Afghanistan
Wardak	21	AF-WAR	Meydan Shahr	413,000	8,938	Pashto, Dari Persian, Hazaragi	9 districts	Central Afghanistan
Zabul	17	AF-ZAB	Qalat	365,920	17,343	Pashto, Dari Persian	9 districts	South West Afghanistan

Mga tigaman

↑ An ponema nga /f/ ف aada là hin mga hinuram nga mga pulong ha Pashto, agsob iní ginsasalyoan hin /p/ پ. An [b] usá gihapon nga allophone han /p/ ugsa hin gintitingog nga mga mangarabay; an [v] usá nga allophone han /f/ ugsa hin mga gintitingog nga mga mangarabay hin mga hinuram nga mga pulong.
↑ An Afganistan ginkikita nga nasod nga ginsasapitan hin katubtuban gihapon han Kagamhanan han Indya, nga nagkikita han tanan han Kashmir nga kabahin han Indya. Bisan pa man, ginkakadilito iní, ngan an rehiyon han Kashmir nga nasapit han Afganistan gindudumara han Pakistan. Ginkuhaan: "Ministry of Home Affairs (Department of Border Management)" (PDF). Ginhipos tikang han orihinal (PDF) han 17 Marso 2015. Ginkuhà 1 Septyembre 2008.

Pinambasaran

↑ "Afghanistan". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 2007-12-13. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 2016-07-09. Ginkuhà 2010-02-19.
↑ "Afghanistan", CIA - The World Factbook 2007 Ginhipos 2016-07-09 han Wayback Machine.
1 2 3 4 "Afghanistan". International Monetary Fund. Ginkuhà 2009-10-01.
↑ "Afghanistan | history – geography". Encyclopedia Britannica (ha English). Ginkuhà 19 Oktubre 2018.
↑ Ipakita an sayop: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Factbook
↑ Ipakita an sayop: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named South Asia
↑ Briney, Amanda (Abril 12, 2017). "Geography of Afghanistan". Thoughtco. Thought Co. Ginkuhà Oktubre 16, 2019.
↑ Saez, Lawrence (2011). The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC): An emerging collaboration architecture, Afghanistan, A Central Asian nation that Joined SAARC (1st ed.). pp. 33-35. https://books.google.nl/books?id=yTzKWI42uR4C&pg=PT58&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Afghanistan&f=false. Ginkuhà Pebrero 15, 2019.
↑ Vogelsang, Willem (2002). The Afghans. Wiley Blackwell. p. 18. ISBN 0-631-19841-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=9kfJ6MlMsJQC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA18#v=onepage&q&f=false. Ginkuhà 2010-08-22.
↑ Ch. M. Kieffer (15 Disyembre 1983). "Afghan". Encyclopædia Iranica (online ed.). Columbia University. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 2013-11-16.
↑ Barfield 2012, p. 159.
↑ "Constitution of Afghanistan". 2004. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 2016-09-20. Ginkuhà 16 Pebrero 2013.
↑ References and details on data provided in the table can be found within the individual provincial articles.
↑ ISO 3166-2:AF ( ISO 3166-2 codes for the provinces of Afghanistan)

Dugang nga barasahan

Banting, Erinn. (2003). Afghanistan the People. Crabtree Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-7787-9336-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=fl8cd15sc7wC.
Bleaney, C. H; Gallego, María Ángeles (2006). Afghanistan: a bibliography. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-14532-0. http://books.google.com/books?id=qCh41lAvg8oC.
Clements, Frank (2003). Conflict in Afghanistan: a Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-85109-402-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=bv4hzxpo424C.
Fowler, Corinne (2007). Chasing Tales: Travel Writing, Journalism and the History of British Ideas About Afghanistan. Rodopi. ISBN 978-90-420-2262-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=o4IrhX7n66YC.
Griffiths, John C (2001). Afghanistan: a History of Conflict. Carlton Books. ISBN 978-1-84222-597-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=M7nMtaXdAS8C.
Habibi, Abdul Hai (2003). Afghanistan: an Abridged History. Fenestra Books. ISBN 978-1-58736-169-2.
Hopkins, B.D. (2008). The Making of Modern Afghanistan. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-55421-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=FOMUAQAAIAAJ.
Johnson, Robert (2011). The Afghan Way of War: How and Why They Fight. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-979856-8. http://books.google.com/?id=lNuH5YQJr6UC.

Levi, Peter (1972). The Light Garden of the Angel King: Journeys in Afghanistan. Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-211042-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=KakcAAAAMAAJ.
Malleson, George Bruce (2005). History of Afghanistan, from the Earliest Period to the Outbreak of the War of 1878 (Elibron Classic Replica ed.). Adamant Media Corporation. ISBN 978-1-4021-7278-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=pqNGBEmHUd4C.
Olson, Gillia M (2005). Afghanistan. Capstone Press. ISBN 978-0-7368-2685-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=0KhVWQeRGJsC.
Omrani, Bijan; Leeming, Matthew (2011). Afghanistan: A Companion and Guide (2nd ed.). Odyssey Publications. ISBN 978-962-217-816-8. http://books.google.com/?id=VVu_NwAACAAJ&dq=editions:MLexHQAACAAJ.
Reddy, L.R. (2002). Inside Afghanistan: End of the Taliban Era?. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7648-319-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=NubtDf2T3cAC.
Romano, Amy (2003). A Historical Atlas of Afghanistan. The Rosen Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8239-3863-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=TKUxyVCrYn0C.
Runion, Meredith L. (2007). The History of Afghanistan. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33798-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=aZk9XzqCFGUC.

Mga artikulo

Meek, James. Worse than a Defeat. London Review of Books, Vol. 36, No. 24, December 2014, pages 3–10

Mga sumpay ha gawas

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