↑Funasaki, George Y., Po-Yung Lai, Larry M. Nakahara, John W. Beardsley, and Asher K. Ota (1988) A Review of Biological Control Introductions in Hawaii: 1890 to 1985, Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, vol. 28
↑Gordon, Robert D. (1985) The Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of America North of Mexico, Journal of the New York Entomological Society, vol. 93, no. 1