↑Castro-Aguirre, J.L. and H. Espinosa Perez (1996) Listados faunísticos de México. VII. Catálogo sistemático de las rayas y especies afines de México. (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii: Rajiformes: Batoideiomorpha)., Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico. 75 p.
↑Compagno, L.J.V. (1999) Checklist of living elasmobranchs., p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland.
↑Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.) (1999) Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of November 1999., Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in November 1999.
↑Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann (1983) A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America., Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 336 p.
12Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.) (2011). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist". Species 2000: Reading, UK. Ginkuhà 24 Septyembre 2012.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
↑FishBase. Froese R. & Pauly D. (eds), 14 Hunyo 2011
