↑Bates H.W. (1887) Biologia Central Americana, Zoologia, Insecta, Coleoptera, Pectinicornia, Lamellicornia (1887-1889), Godman F.D. & Salvin O. (Editors) 2(2):1-432
↑LeConte J.L. & Horn G.H. (1881) Descriptions of new species of North American Coleoptera, Transactions of the Kansas Acadamy of Science. Topeka 7:74-77
↑ 3.03.1Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.) (2011). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist". Species 2000: Reading, UK. Ginkuhà 24 Septyembre 2012.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
↑Scarabs: World Scarabaeidae Database. Schoolmeesters P., 30 Mayo 2011