↑Fairmaire L. (1891) Coleopteres de l'Afrique Orientale, Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique. Compte Rendus Bruxelles 35:279-289 (cclxxix-cclxxxix)
↑Bates H.W. (1888) Tropical african Coleoptera chiefly from the Zanzibar mainland, Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. London 24:200-203, 237-242
↑ 3.03.1Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.) (2011). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist". Species 2000: Reading, UK. Ginkuhà 24 Septyembre 2012.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
↑Scarabs: World Scarabaeidae Database. Schoolmeesters P., 30 Mayo 2011