An pagkakaiba han mga rebisyon han "Kabutngaay nga Panahon"

Tikang ha Wikipedia
Content deleted Content added
Removing Link GA template as it is now available in wikidata
No edit summary
Bagis 1: Bagis 1:
An '''Butnga nga Panahon''' amo an usa ka parte han kaagi han Europa. Nagtikang ini ha may 476 CE kun diin an Katundan Imperyo Romano natumba, ngan nagpadayon kutob han panahon hi [[Cristóbal Colón]] nabilngan an Bago nga Kalibutan ha 1492. '''Butnga nga panahon''' it tawag kay ini an panahon ha butnga han katumba han Imperyo Romano ngan ha Pagtikang han Unhan nga Moderno Europeyo.
An '''Butnga nga Panahon''' amo an usa ka parte han kaagi han Europa. Nagtikang ini ha may 476 CE kun diin an Katundan Imperyo Romano natumba, ngan nagpadayon kutob han panahon hi [[Cristóbal Colón]] nabilngan an Bago nga Kalibutan ha 1492. '''Butnga nga panahon''' it tawag kay ini an panahon ha butnga han katumba han Imperyo Romano ngan ha Pagtikang han Unhan nga Moderno Europeyo.


==Pinanbasaran==
{{turók}}
{{reflist}}
{{Commonscat|Middle Ages}}

==Mga reperensya==
{{refbegin|60em}}
* {{cite book |author=Adams, Laurie Schneider |title=A History of Western Art |publisher=McGraw Hill |location=Boston, MA |year=2001 |isbn=0-07-231717-5 |edition=Third}}
* {{cite book |author=Albrow, Martin |title=The Global Age: State and Society Beyond Modernity |year=1997 |publisher=Stanford University Press |location=Stanford, CA |isbn=0-8047-2870-4}}
* {{cite book |author=Backman, Clifford R. |title=The Worlds of Medieval Europe |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-19-512169-8}}
* {{cite book |author=Barber, Malcolm |authorlink=Malcolm Barber |title=The Two Cities: Medieval Europe 1050–1320 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |year=1992 |isbn=0-415-09682-0}}
* {{cite book |author=Barber, Richard |title=Edward, Prince of Wales and Aquitaine: A Biography of the Black Prince |authorlink=Richard Barber |publisher=Scribner |location=New York |year=1978 |isbn=0-684-15864-7}}
* {{cite book |author=Barlow, Frank |title=The Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216 |authorlink=Frank Barlow (historian) |edition=Fourth |publisher=Longman |location=New York |year=1988 |isbn=0-582-49504-0}}
* {{cite book |author=Bauer, Susan Wise |authorlink=Susan Wise Bauer |title=The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade |publisher=W. W. Norton |location=New York |isbn=978-0-393-05975-5 |year=2010}}
* {{cite book |author=Benton, Janetta Rebold |title=Art of the Middle Ages |year=2002 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |series=World of Art |location=London |isbn=0-500-20350-4}}
* {{cite web |author=British Library Staff |publisher=[[British Library]] |url=http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/istc/index.html |title=Incunabula Short Title Catalogue |date=8 January 2008 |accessdate=8 April 2012}}
* {{cite book |author=Brown, Peter |authorlink=Peter Brown (historian) |title=The World of Late Antiquity AD 150–750 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |location=New York |isbn=0-393-95803-5 |series=Library of World Civilization}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Brown, Thomas |title=The Transformation of the Roman Mediterranean, 400–900 |encyclopedia=The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe |editor=Holmes, George |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-285220-5 |pages=1–62}}
* {{cite book |author=Bruni, Leonardo |authorlink=Leonardo Bruni |editor=Hankins, James |title=History of the Florentine People |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, MA |volume=1 |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-674-00506-8}}
* {{cite book |author=Colish, Marcia L. |title=Medieval Foundations of the Western Intellectual Tradition 400–1400 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven, CT |year=1997 |isbn=0-300-07852-8}}
* {{cite book |author=Collins, Roger |authorlink=Roger Collins |title=Early Medieval Europe: 300–1000 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |location=New York |year=1999 |isbn=0-312-21886-9 |edition=Second}}
* {{cite book |title=A Dictionary of Medieval Terms & Phrases |last=Coredon |first=Christopher |year=2007 |edition=Reprint |publisher=D. S. Brewer |location=Woodbridge, UK |isbn=978-1-84384-138-8}}
* {{cite book |author=Cosman, Madeleine Pelner |title=Medieval Wordbook: More the 4,000 Terms and Expressions from Medieval Culture |year=2007 |publisher=Barnes & Noble |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7607-8725-0}}
* {{cite book |author=Crampton, R. J. |title= A Concise History of Bulgaria |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2005 | isbn= 0-521-61637-9| location=Cambridge, UK}}
* {{cite book |author=Cunliffe, Barry |authorlink=Barry Cunliffe |title=Europe Between the Oceans: Themes and Variations 9000 BC-AD 1000 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven, CT |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-300-11923-7}}
* {{cite book |author=Curta, Florin |title=Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages 500-1250 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |series=Cambridge Medieval Textbooks |year=2006 |isbn=0-521-89452-2}}
* {{cite book |author=Davies, Norman |authorlink=Norman Davies |title=Europe: A History |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK |year=1996 |isbn=0-19-520912-5}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Denley, Peter |title=The Mediterranean in the Age of the Renaissance, 1200–1500 |encyclopedia=The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe |editor=Holmes, George |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-285220-5 |pages=235–296}}
* {{cite book |author=Dodwell, C. R. |title=The Pictorial Arts of the West: 800–1200 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven, CT |series=Pellican History of Art |year=1993 |isbn=0-300-06493-4}}
* {{cite book |author=Eastwood, Bruce |title=Ordering the Heavens: Roman Astronomy and Cosmology in the Carolingian Renaissance |publisher=Brill |location=Boston, MA |series=History of Science and Medicine Library |isbn=978-90-04-16186-3 |year=2007}}
* {{cite book |author=Epstein, Steven A. |title=An Economic and Social History of Later Medieval Europe, 1000–1500 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-521-70653-7}}
* {{cite book |editor=Flexner, Stuart Berg |editor-link=Stuart Berg Flexner |title=The Random House Dictionary of the English Language: Unabridged |edition=Second |publisher=Random House |location=New York |isbn=0-394-50050-4}}
* {{cite book |author=Gainty, Denis |author2=Ward, Walter D. |title=Sources of World Societies: Volume 2: Since 1500 |location=Boston, MA |publisher=Bedford/St. Martin's |year=2009 |isbn=0-312-68858-X}}
* {{cite book |author=Geary, Patrick J. |authorlink=Patrick J. Geary |title=Before France and Germany: The Creation and Transformation of the Merovingian World |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK |year=1988 |isbn=0-19-504458-4}}
* {{cite book |author=Gies, Joseph and Gies, Frances |title=Life in a Medieval City |publisher=Thomas Y. Crowell |location=New York |year=1973 |isbn=0-8152-0345-4}}
* {{cite book |author=Grant, Edward |authorlink=Edward Grant |title=God and Reason in the Middle Ages |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-521-80279-6}}
* {{cite book |author=Grant, E. |authorlink=Edward Grant |title=Planets, Stars, & Orbs: The Medieval Cosmos, 1200–1687 |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-521-43344-0}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Grierson, Philip |authorlink=Philip Grierson |title=Coinage and currency |encyclopedia=The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia |publisher=Thames and Hudson |editor=Loyn, H. R. |location=London |year=1989 |isbn=0-500-27645-5 |pages=97–98}}
* {{cite book |author=Griffiths, Antony |title=Prints and Printmaking |year=1996 |publisher=British Museum Press |isbn=0-7141-2608-X |location=London}}
* {{cite book |author=Hallam, Elizabeth M.; Everard, Judith |title=Capetian France 987–1328 |edition=Second |publisher=Longman |location=New York |year=2001 |isbn=0-582-40428-2}}
* {{cite book |author=Hamilton, Bernard |title=Religion in the Medieval West |publisher=Arnold |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=0-340-80839-X |edition=Second}}
* {{cite book |author=Heather, Peter |authorlink=Peter Heather |title=The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |location=Oxford, UK |isbn=978-0-19-532541-6}}
* {{cite book |author=Henderson, George |title=Early Medieval |year=1977 |edition=Revised |publisher=Penguin |location=New York |oclc=641757789}}
* {{cite book |editor=Holmes, George |editorlink=George Holmes (historian) |title=The Oxford History of Medieval Europe |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK |year=1988 |isbn=0-19-285272-8}}
* {{cite book|author=Ilardi, Vincent|title=Renaissance Vision from Spectacles to Telescopes|publisher=American Philosophical Society|location=Philadelphia|year=2007|isbn=978-0-87169-259-7}}
* {{cite book |author=James, Edward |authorlink=Edward James (historian) |title=Europe's Barbarians: AD 200–600 |publisher=Pearson Longman |location=Harlow, UK |isbn=978-0-582-77296-0 |year=2009 |series=The Medieval World}}
* {{cite book |author=Jordan, William C. |title=Europe in the High Middle Ages |publisher=Viking |year=2003 |location=New York |isbn=978-0-670-03202-0 |series=Penguin History of Europe}}
* {{cite book |author=Kamen, Henry |authorlink=Henry Kamen |title=Spain 1469–1714 |year=2005 |edition=Third |publisher=Pearson/Longman |location=New York |isbn=0-582-78464-6}}
* {{cite book |author=Kaufmann, J. E. and Kaufmann, H. W. |title=The Medieval Fortress: Castles, Forts and Walled Cities of the Middle Ages |publisher=De Capo Press |location=Cambridge, MA |isbn=0-306-81358-0 |year=2001 |edition=2004}}
* {{cite book |author=Keen, Maurice |title=The Pelican History of Medieval Europe |publisher=Penguin Books |location=London |origyear=1968 |year=1988 |isbn=0-14-021085-7}}
* {{cite book |author=Kitzinger, Ernst |authorlink=Ernst Kitzinger |title=Early Medieval Art at the British Museum |year=1955 |edition=Second |publisher=British Museum |location=London |oclc=510455}}
* {{cite web |author=Knox, E. L. |url=http://www.boisestate.edu/courses/latemiddleages/renaissance/historyren.shtml |title=History of the Idea of the Renaissance |work=Europe in the Late Middle Ages |accessdate=25 December 2012 |publisher=Boise State University}}
* {{cite book |author=Lasko, Peter |authorlink=Peter Lasko |title=Ars Sacra, 800–1200 |series=Penguin History of Art (now Yale) |year=1972 |publisher=Penguin |location=New York |isbn=0-14-056036-X}}
* {{cite book |author=Lawrence, C.H |title=Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages |publisher=Longman |edition=Third |location=Harlow, UK |isbn=0-582-40427-4 |year=2001}}
* {{cite book |author=Lightbown, Ronald W. |title=Secular Goldsmiths' Work in Medieval France: A History |series=Reports of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London |publisher=Thames and Hudson |location=London |isbn=0-500-99027-1 |year=1978}}
* {{cite journal |author1=Lindberg, David C. |authorlink1=David C. Lindberg |author2=Numbers, Ronald L. |authorlink2=Ronald Numbers |title=Beyond War and Peace: A Reappraisal of the Encounter between Christianity and Science |journal=Church History |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=338–354 |year=1986 |doi=10.2307/3166822 |jstor=3166822}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Lindberg, David C. |authorlink=David C. Lindberg |title=The Medieval Church Encounters the Classical Tradition: Saint Augustine, Roger Bacon, and the Handmaiden Metaphor |editors=Lindberg, David C. and Numbers, Ronald L. |encyclopedia=When Science & Christianity Meet |location=Chicago, IL |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-226-48214-6}}
* {{cite book |author=Lock, Peter |title=Routledge Companion to the Crusades |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |year=2006 |isbn=0-415-39312-4}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Loyn, H. R. |authorlink=H. R. Loyn |title=Avignon |encyclopedia=The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia |publisher=Thames and Hudson |editor=Loyn, H. R. |location=London |year=1989 |isbn=0-500-27645-5 |page=45}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Loyn, H. R. |authorlink=H. R. Loyn |title=Eleanor of Aquitaine |encyclopedia=The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia |publisher=Thames and Hudson |editor=Loyn, H. R. |location=London |year=1989 |isbn=0-500-27645-5 |page=122}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Loyn, H. R. |authorlink=H. R. Loyn |title=Famine |encyclopedia=The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia |publisher=Thames and Hudson |editor=Loyn, H. R. |location=London |year=1989 |isbn=0-500-27645-5 |pages=127–128}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Loyn, H. R. |authorlink=H. R. Loyn |title=Great Schism |encyclopedia=The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia |publisher=Thames and Hudson |editor=Loyn, H. R. |location=London |year=1989 |isbn=0-500-27645-5 |page=153}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Loyn, H. R. |authorlink=H. R. Loyn |title=Hundred Years' War |encyclopedia=The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia |publisher=Thames and Hudson |editor=Loyn, H. R. |location=London |year=1989 |isbn=0-500-27645-5 |page=176}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Loyn, H. R. |authorlink=H. R. Loyn |title=Jews |encyclopedia=The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia |publisher=Thames and Hudson |editor=Loyn, H. R. |location=London |year=1989 |isbn=0-500-27645-5 |pages=190–192}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Loyn, H. R. |authorlink=H. R. Loyn |title=Knights of the Temple (Templars) |encyclopedia=The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia |publisher=Thames and Hudson |editor=Loyn, H. R. |location=London |year=1989 |isbn=0-500-27645-5 |pages=201–202}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Loyn, H. R. |authorlink=H. R. Loyn |title=Language and dialect |encyclopedia=The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia |publisher=Thames and Hudson |editor=Loyn, H. R. |location=London |year=1989 |isbn=0-500-27645-5 |page=204}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Loyn, H. R. |authorlink=H. R. Loyn |title=Scholasticism |encyclopedia=The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia |publisher=Thames and Hudson |editor=Loyn, H. R. |location=London |year=1989 |isbn=0-500-27645-5 |pages=293–294}}
* {{cite web |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Middle%20Ages |title=Middle Ages |publisher=Dictionary.com |year=2004 |accessdate=7 April 2012}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Miglio, Massimo |title=Curial Humanism seen through the Prism of the Papal Library |editor=Mazzocco, Angelo |encyclopedia=Interpretations of Renaissance Humanism |publisher=Brill |year=2006 |pages=97–112 |location=Leiden |isbn=978-90-04-15244-1 |series=Brill's Studies in Intellectual History}}
* {{cite journal |author=Mommsen, Theodore |authorlink=Theodor Mommsen |title=Petrarch's Conception of the 'Dark Ages' |journal=[[Speculum (journal)|Speculum]] |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=226–242 |date=April 1942 |jstor=2856364 |doi=10.2307/2856364}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Morris, Rosemary |title=Northern Europe invades the Mediterranean, 900–1200 |encyclopedia=The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe |editor=Holmes, George |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-285220-5 |pages=175–234}}
* {{cite journal |author=Murray, Alexander |title=Should the Middle Ages Be Abolished? |journal=Essays in Medieval Studies |volume=21 |year=2004 |pages=1–22 |doi=10.1353/ems.2005.0010}}
* {{cite book |author=Nees, Lawrence |title=Early Medieval Art |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=Oxford History of Art |location=Oxford, UK |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-19-284243-5}}
* {{cite book |author=Nicolle, David |authorlink=David Nicolle |title=Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare In Western Christendom |publisher=Brockhampton Press |location=London |year=1999 |isbn=1-86019-889-9}}
* {{cite web |author=Numbers, Ronald |authorlink=Ronald Numbers |url=http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/faraday/CIS/Numbers/Numbers_Lecture.pdf |title=Myths and Truths in Science and Religion: A historical perspective |work=Lecture archive |date=11 May 2006 |publisher=The Faraday Institute for Science and Religion |accessdate=25 January 2013}}
* {{cite book |author=Payne, Robert |authorlink=Robert Payne (author) |title=The Dream and the Tomb: A History of the Crusades |publisher=Cooper Square Press |location=New York |edition=First paperback |year=2000 |isbn=0-8154-1086-7}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Peters, Ted |authorlink=Ted Peters (theologian) |title=Science and Religion |editor=Jones, Lindsay |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Religion |edition=Second |volume=12 |publisher=MacMillan Reference |location=Detroit, MI |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-02-865980-0 |page=8182}}
* {{cite book |author=Power, Daniel |year=2006 |title=The Central Middle Ages: Europe 950–1320 |series=The Short Oxford History of Europe |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK |isbn=978-0-19-925312-8}}
* {{cite book |author=Reilly, Bernard F. |title=The Medieval Spains |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |year=1993 |isbn=0-521-39741-3 |series=Cambridge Medieval Textbooks}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Riley-Smith, Jonathan |authorlink=Jonathan Riley-Smith |title=Crusades |encyclopedia=The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia |publisher=Thames and Hudson |editor=Loyn, H. R. |location=London |year=1989 |isbn=0-500-27645-5 |pages=106–107}}
* {{cite book |author=Rosenwein, Barbara H. |title=Rhinoceros Bound: Cluny in the Tenth Century |location=Philadelphia, PA |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |year=1982 |isbn=0-8122-7830-5}}
* {{cite book |author=Russell, Jeffey Burton |title=Inventing the Flat Earth-Columbus and Modern Historians |publisher=Praeger |location=Westport, CT |year=1991 |isbn=0-275-95904-X}}
* {{cite book |author=Saul, Nigel |authorlink=Nigel Saul |title=A Companion to Medieval England 1066–1485 |year=2000 |publisher=Tempus |location=Stroud, UK |isbn=0-7524-2969-8}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Schove, D. Justin |title=Plague |encyclopedia=The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia |publisher=Thames and Hudson |editor=Loyn, H. R. |location=London |year=1989 |isbn=0-500-27645-5 |pages=267–269}}
* {{cite book |author=Singman, Jeffrey L. |title=Daily Life in Medieval Europe |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, CT |series=Daily Life Through History |year=1999 |isbn=0-313-30273-1}}
* {{cite book |author=Stalley, Roger |title=Early Medieval Architecture |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=Oxford History of Art |location=Oxford, UK |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-19-284223-7}}
* {{cite book |author=Tansey, Richard G.; Gardner, Helen Louise; De la Croix, Horst |title=Gardner's Art Through the Ages |publisher=Harcourt Brace Jovanovich |location=San Diego, CA |year=1986 |isbn=0-15-503763-3 |edition=Eighth}}
* {{cite book |author=Thomson, John A. F. |title=The Western Church in the Middle Ages |publisher=Arnold |location=London |year=1998 |isbn=0-340-60118-3}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Vale, Malcolm |title=The Civilization of Courts and Cities in the North, 1200–1500 |encyclopedia=The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe |editor=Holmes, George |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-285220-5 |pages=297–351}}
* {{cite book |author=Watts, John |title=The Making of Polities: Europe, 1300–1500 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |series=Cambridge Medieval Textbooks |location=Cambridge, UK |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-521-79664-4}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Whitton, David |title=The Society of Northern Europe in the High Middle Ages, 900–1200 |encyclopedia=The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe |editor=Holmes, George |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-285220-5 |pages=115–174}}
* {{cite book |author=Wickham, Chris |authorlink=Christopher Wickham |title=The Inheritance of Rome: Illuminating the Dark Ages 400–1000 |publisher=Penguin Books |location=New York |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-14-311742-1}}
{{refend}}

==Dugang nga barasahon==
{{refbegin|40em}}
* {{cite journal |author=Ames, Christine Caldwell |title=Does Inquisition Belong to Religious History? |journal=American Historical Review |date=February 2005 |volume=110 |issue=1 |pages=11–37 |doi= 10.1086/531119}}
* {{cite book|author=Cantor, Norman F. |authorlink=Norman Cantor |title=Inventing the Middle Ages: The Lives, Works, and Ideas of the Great Medievalists of the Twentieth Century |year=1991 |publisher=W. Morrow |location=New York |isbn= 9780688094065}}
* {{cite book |editor=Davis, R. H. C. |authorlink= Ralph Henry Carless Davis | title=The Writing of History in the Middle Ages: Essays Presented to Richard William Southern |publisher=Oxford University Press |location= 0198225563 |year= 1981 |isbn= 0198225563}}
* {{cite journal| author=Fleischman, Suzanne |title=On the Representation of History and Fiction in the Middle Ages |journal=History and Theory |volume=23 |issue=3 |date=October 1983 |pages=278–310 |jstor=2504985}}
* {{cite book |author=Gurevich, Aron |authorlink= Aron Gurevich |title=Historical Anthropology of the Middle Ages |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1992 |location=Chicago |isbn= 9780226310831 |editor=Howlett, Janet (translator)}}
* {{cite journal |author=Spiegel, Gabrielle M. |authorlink= Gabrielle M. Spiegel |title=History, Historicism, and the Social Logic of the Text in the Middle Ages |journal=Speculum |volume=65 |issue=1 |date=January 1990 |pages=59–86 |jstor= 2864472}}
* {{cite book |author=Smith, Julia |title=Europe After Rome: A New Cultural History, 500-1000 |year=2005 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK |isbn= 9780199244270}}
* {{cite book |author=Stuard, Susan Mosher |title=Women in Medieval History and Historiography |publisher= University of Pennsylvania Press |year= 1987 |location=Philadelphia, PA |isbn= 9780812212907}}
* {{cite journal|author=Sullivan, Richard E. |title=The Carolingian Age: Reflections on its Place in the History of the Middle Ages |journal=Speculum |volume=64 |issue=2 |date=April 1989 |pages=267–306 |jstor= 2851941}}
* {{cite journal |author=Van Engen, John |authorlink= John Van Engen |title=The Christian Middle Ages as an Historiographical Problem |journal=American Historical Review |date=June 1986 |issue=3 |volume=91 |pages=519–552 |jstor=1869130}}
{{refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Commons}}
{{Wikisource index}}
* [http://www.the-orb.net/ ORB The Online Reference Book of Medieval Studies] Academic peer reviewed articles and encyclopedia
* [https://blogs.commons.georgetown.edu/labyrinth/ The Labyrinth] Resources for Medieval Studies.
* [http://www.netserf.org/ NetSERF] The Internet Connection for Medieval Resources.
* [http://www.deremilitari.org/ De Re Militari: The Society for Medieval Military History]
* [http://www.medievalmap.org/ Medievalmap.org] Interactive maps of the Medieval era (Flash plug-in required)
* [http://www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/medieval/medievalrealms.html Medieval Realms] Learning resources from the British Library including studies of beautiful medieval manuscripts
* [http://www.medievalists.net/ Medievalists.net] News and articles about the period.
* [http://medieval.name/ Medieval.name] Dictionary of medieval terms and phrases.

Pagbabag-o han 00:15, 15 Enero 2015

An Butnga nga Panahon amo an usa ka parte han kaagi han Europa. Nagtikang ini ha may 476 CE kun diin an Katundan Imperyo Romano natumba, ngan nagpadayon kutob han panahon hi Cristóbal Colón nabilngan an Bago nga Kalibutan ha 1492. Butnga nga panahon it tawag kay ini an panahon ha butnga han katumba han Imperyo Romano ngan ha Pagtikang han Unhan nga Moderno Europeyo.

Pinanbasaran

Mga reperensya

  • Adams, Laurie Schneider (2001). A History of Western Art (Third ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-07-231717-5. 
  • Albrow, Martin (1997). The Global Age: State and Society Beyond Modernity. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2870-4. 
  • Backman, Clifford R. (2003). The Worlds of Medieval Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-512169-8. 
  • Barber, Malcolm (1992). The Two Cities: Medieval Europe 1050–1320. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-09682-0. 
  • Barber, Richard (1978). Edward, Prince of Wales and Aquitaine: A Biography of the Black Prince. New York: Scribner. ISBN 0-684-15864-7. 
  • Barlow, Frank (1988). The Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216 (Fourth ed.). New York: Longman. ISBN 0-582-49504-0. 
  • Bauer, Susan Wise (2010). The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade. New York: W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-05975-5. 
  • Benton, Janetta Rebold (2002). Art of the Middle Ages. World of Art. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-20350-4. 
  • British Library Staff (8 January 2008). "Incunabula Short Title Catalogue". British Library. Ginkuhà 8 April 2012. Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help)
  • Brown, Peter. The World of Late Antiquity AD 150–750. Library of World Civilization. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-95803-5. 
  • Brown, Thomas (1998). "The Transformation of the Roman Mediterranean, 400–900". Ha Holmes, George (ed.). The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–62. ISBN.
  • Bruni, Leonardo (2001). Hankins, James. ed. History of the Florentine People. 1. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-00506-8. 
  • Colish, Marcia L. (1997). Medieval Foundations of the Western Intellectual Tradition 400–1400. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-07852-8. 
  • Collins, Roger (1999). Early Medieval Europe: 300–1000 (Second ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-21886-9. 
  • Coredon, Christopher (2007). A Dictionary of Medieval Terms & Phrases (Reprint ed.). Woodbridge, UK: D. S. Brewer. ISBN 978-1-84384-138-8. 
  • Cosman, Madeleine Pelner (2007). Medieval Wordbook: More the 4,000 Terms and Expressions from Medieval Culture. New York: Barnes & Noble. ISBN 978-0-7607-8725-0. 
  • Crampton, R. J. (2005). A Concise History of Bulgaria. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-61637-9. 
  • Cunliffe, Barry (2008). Europe Between the Oceans: Themes and Variations 9000 BC-AD 1000. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11923-7. 
  • Curta, Florin (2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages 500-1250. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-89452-2. 
  • Davies, Norman (1996). Europe: A History. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-520912-5. 
  • Denley, Peter (1998). "The Mediterranean in the Age of the Renaissance, 1200–1500". Ha Holmes, George (ed.). The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 235–296. ISBN.
  • Dodwell, C. R. (1993). The Pictorial Arts of the West: 800–1200. Pellican History of Art. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-06493-4. 
  • Eastwood, Bruce (2007). Ordering the Heavens: Roman Astronomy and Cosmology in the Carolingian Renaissance. History of Science and Medicine Library. Boston, MA: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16186-3. 
  • Epstein, Steven A. (2009). An Economic and Social History of Later Medieval Europe, 1000–1500. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-70653-7. 
  • Flexner, Stuart Berg, ed. The Random House Dictionary of the English Language: Unabridged (Second ed.). New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-50050-4. 
  • Gainty, Denis; Ward, Walter D. (2009). Sources of World Societies: Volume 2: Since 1500. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's. ISBN 0-312-68858-X. 
  • Geary, Patrick J. (1988). Before France and Germany: The Creation and Transformation of the Merovingian World. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504458-4. 
  • Gies, Joseph and Gies, Frances (1973). Life in a Medieval City. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell. ISBN 0-8152-0345-4. 
  • Grant, Edward (2001). God and Reason in the Middle Ages. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80279-6. 
  • Grant, E. (1994). Planets, Stars, & Orbs: The Medieval Cosmos, 1200–1687. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43344-0. 
  • Grierson, Philip (1989). "Coinage and currency". Ha Loyn, H. R. (ed.). The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. pp. 97–98. ISBN.
  • Griffiths, Antony (1996). Prints and Printmaking. London: British Museum Press. ISBN 0-7141-2608-X. 
  • Hallam, Elizabeth M.; Everard, Judith (2001). Capetian France 987–1328 (Second ed.). New York: Longman. ISBN 0-582-40428-2. 
  • Hamilton, Bernard (2003). Religion in the Medieval West (Second ed.). London: Arnold. ISBN 0-340-80839-X. 
  • Heather, Peter (2006). The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-532541-6. 
  • Henderson, George (1977). Early Medieval (Revised ed.). New York: Penguin. OCLC 641757789. 
  • Holmes, George, ed. (1988). The Oxford History of Medieval Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-285272-8. 
  • Ilardi, Vincent (2007). Renaissance Vision from Spectacles to Telescopes. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. ISBN 978-0-87169-259-7. 
  • James, Edward (2009). Europe's Barbarians: AD 200–600. The Medieval World. Harlow, UK: Pearson Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-77296-0. 
  • Jordan, William C. (2003). Europe in the High Middle Ages. Penguin History of Europe. New York: Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-03202-0. 
  • Kamen, Henry (2005). Spain 1469–1714 (Third ed.). New York: Pearson/Longman. ISBN 0-582-78464-6. 
  • Kaufmann, J. E. and Kaufmann, H. W. (2001). The Medieval Fortress: Castles, Forts and Walled Cities of the Middle Ages (2004 ed.). Cambridge, MA: De Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81358-0. 
  • Keen, Maurice (1988) [1968]. The Pelican History of Medieval Europe. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-021085-7. 
  • Kitzinger, Ernst (1955). Early Medieval Art at the British Museum (Second ed.). London: British Museum. OCLC 510455. 
  • Knox, E. L. "History of the Idea of the Renaissance". Europe in the Late Middle Ages. Boise State University. Ginkuhà 25 December 2012. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  • Lasko, Peter (1972). Ars Sacra, 800–1200. Penguin History of Art (now Yale). New York: Penguin. ISBN 0-14-056036-X. 
  • Lawrence, C.H (2001). Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages (Third ed.). Harlow, UK: Longman. ISBN 0-582-40427-4. 
  • Lightbown, Ronald W. (1978). Secular Goldsmiths' Work in Medieval France: A History. Reports of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-99027-1. 
  • Lindberg, David C.; Numbers, Ronald L. (1986). "Beyond War and Peace: A Reappraisal of the Encounter between Christianity and Science". Church History. 55 (3): 338–354. doi:10.2307/3166822. JSTOR 3166822.
  • Lindberg, David C. (2003). "The Medieval Church Encounters the Classical Tradition: Saint Augustine, Roger Bacon, and the Handmaiden Metaphor". Ha Lindberg, David C. and Numbers, Ronald L. (eds.). When Science & Christianity Meet. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN.CS1 maint: uses editors parameter (link)
  • Lock, Peter (2006). Routledge Companion to the Crusades. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-39312-4. 
  • Loyn, H. R. (1989). "Avignon". Ha Loyn, H. R. (ed.). The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. p. 45. ISBN.
  • Loyn, H. R. (1989). "Eleanor of Aquitaine". Ha Loyn, H. R. (ed.). The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. p. 122. ISBN.
  • Loyn, H. R. (1989). "Famine". Ha Loyn, H. R. (ed.). The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. pp. 127–128. ISBN.
  • Loyn, H. R. (1989). "Great Schism". Ha Loyn, H. R. (ed.). The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. p. 153. ISBN.
  • Loyn, H. R. (1989). "Hundred Years' War". Ha Loyn, H. R. (ed.). The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. p. 176. ISBN.
  • Loyn, H. R. (1989). "Jews". Ha Loyn, H. R. (ed.). The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. pp. 190–192. ISBN.
  • Loyn, H. R. (1989). "Knights of the Temple (Templars)". Ha Loyn, H. R. (ed.). The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. pp. 201–202. ISBN.
  • Loyn, H. R. (1989). "Language and dialect". Ha Loyn, H. R. (ed.). The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. p. 204. ISBN.
  • Loyn, H. R. (1989). "Scholasticism". Ha Loyn, H. R. (ed.). The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. pp. 293–294. ISBN.
  • "Middle Ages". Dictionary.com. 2004. Ginkuhà 7 April 2012. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  • Miglio, Massimo (2006). "Curial Humanism seen through the Prism of the Papal Library". Ha Mazzocco, Angelo (ed.). Interpretations of Renaissance Humanism. Brill's Studies in Intellectual History. Leiden: Brill. pp. 97–112. ISBN.
  • Mommsen, Theodore (April 1942). "Petrarch's Conception of the 'Dark Ages'". Speculum. 17 (2): 226–242. doi:10.2307/2856364. JSTOR 2856364. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  • Morris, Rosemary (1998). "Northern Europe invades the Mediterranean, 900–1200". Ha Holmes, George (ed.). The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 175–234. ISBN.
  • Murray, Alexander (2004). "Should the Middle Ages Be Abolished?". Essays in Medieval Studies. 21: 1–22. doi:10.1353/ems.2005.0010.
  • Nees, Lawrence (2002). Early Medieval Art. Oxford History of Art. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-284243-5. 
  • Nicolle, David (1999). Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare In Western Christendom. London: Brockhampton Press. ISBN 1-86019-889-9. 
  • Numbers, Ronald (11 May 2006). "Myths and Truths in Science and Religion: A historical perspective" (PDF). Lecture archive. The Faraday Institute for Science and Religion. Ginkuhà 25 January 2013. Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help)
  • Payne, Robert (2000). The Dream and the Tomb: A History of the Crusades (First paperback ed.). New York: Cooper Square Press. ISBN 0-8154-1086-7. 
  • Peters, Ted (2005). "Science and Religion". Ha Jones, Lindsay (ed.). Encyclopedia of Religion. 12 (Second ed.). Detroit, MI: MacMillan Reference. p. 8182. ISBN.
  • Power, Daniel (2006). The Central Middle Ages: Europe 950–1320. The Short Oxford History of Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-925312-8. 
  • Reilly, Bernard F. (1993). The Medieval Spains. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-39741-3. 
  • Riley-Smith, Jonathan (1989). "Crusades". Ha Loyn, H. R. (ed.). The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. pp. 106–107. ISBN.
  • Rosenwein, Barbara H. (1982). Rhinoceros Bound: Cluny in the Tenth Century. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-7830-5. 
  • Russell, Jeffey Burton (1991). Inventing the Flat Earth-Columbus and Modern Historians. Westport, CT: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-95904-X. 
  • Saul, Nigel (2000). A Companion to Medieval England 1066–1485. Stroud, UK: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-2969-8. 
  • Schove, D. Justin (1989). "Plague". Ha Loyn, H. R. (ed.). The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. pp. 267–269. ISBN.
  • Singman, Jeffrey L. (1999). Daily Life in Medieval Europe. Daily Life Through History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-30273-1. 
  • Stalley, Roger (1999). Early Medieval Architecture. Oxford History of Art. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-284223-7. 
  • Tansey, Richard G.; Gardner, Helen Louise; De la Croix, Horst (1986). Gardner's Art Through the Ages (Eighth ed.). San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 0-15-503763-3. 
  • Thomson, John A. F. (1998). The Western Church in the Middle Ages. London: Arnold. ISBN 0-340-60118-3. 
  • Vale, Malcolm (1998). "The Civilization of Courts and Cities in the North, 1200–1500". Ha Holmes, George (ed.). The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 297–351. ISBN.
  • Watts, John (2009). The Making of Polities: Europe, 1300–1500. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79664-4. 
  • Whitton, David (1998). "The Society of Northern Europe in the High Middle Ages, 900–1200". Ha Holmes, George (ed.). The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 115–174. ISBN.
  • Wickham, Chris (2009). The Inheritance of Rome: Illuminating the Dark Ages 400–1000. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-311742-1. 

Dugang nga barasahon

  • Ames, Christine Caldwell (February 2005). "Does Inquisition Belong to Religious History?". American Historical Review. 110 (1): 11–37. doi:10.1086/531119. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  • Cantor, Norman F. (1991). Inventing the Middle Ages: The Lives, Works, and Ideas of the Great Medievalists of the Twentieth Century. New York: W. Morrow. ISBN 9780688094065. 
  • Davis, R. H. C., ed. (1981). The Writing of History in the Middle Ages: Essays Presented to Richard William Southern. 0198225563: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198225563. 
  • Fleischman, Suzanne (October 1983). "On the Representation of History and Fiction in the Middle Ages". History and Theory. 23 (3): 278–310. JSTOR 2504985. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  • Gurevich, Aron (1992). Howlett, Janet (translator). ed. Historical Anthropology of the Middle Ages. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226310831. 
  • Spiegel, Gabrielle M. (January 1990). "History, Historicism, and the Social Logic of the Text in the Middle Ages". Speculum. 65 (1): 59–86. JSTOR 2864472. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  • Smith, Julia (2005). Europe After Rome: A New Cultural History, 500-1000. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199244270. 
  • Stuard, Susan Mosher (1987). Women in Medieval History and Historiography. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 9780812212907. 
  • Sullivan, Richard E. (April 1989). "The Carolingian Age: Reflections on its Place in the History of the Middle Ages". Speculum. 64 (2): 267–306. JSTOR 2851941. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  • Van Engen, John (June 1986). "The Christian Middle Ages as an Historiographical Problem". American Historical Review. 91 (3): 519–552. JSTOR 1869130. Check date values in: |date= (help)

Mga sumpay ha gawas