↑ 1.01.11.21.31.4Marceniuk, A.P. and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (2003) Ariidae (Sea catfishes)., p. 447-455. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil.
↑ 2.02.12.2Taylor, W.R. and N.A. Menezes (1978) Ariidae., In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). volume 1. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome.
↑Lowe-McConnell, R.H. (1962) The fishes of the British Guiana continental shelf, Atlantic coast of South America, with notes on their natural history., J. Linn. Soc. Zool. (London) 44(301):667-700.
↑Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray (1986) A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America., Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p.
↑ 5.05.1Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.) (2011). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist". Species 2000: Reading, UK. Ginkuhà 24 Septyembre 2012.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
↑FishBase. Froese R. & Pauly D. (eds), 14 Hunyo 2011