↑ 2.02.1Campos-da-Paz, R. (2001) Electrophoridae., p. In [Editorial list.]. Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. In preparation.
↑Mago-Leccia, F. (1994) Electric fishes of the continental waters of America., Fundacion para el Desarrollo de las Ciencias Fisicas, Matematicas y Naturales (FUDECI), Biblioteca de la Academia de Ciencias Fisicas. Matematicas y Naturales, Caracas, Venezuela. vol. 29 . 206 p.
↑Campos-da-Paz, R. (2003) Gymnotidae (Naked-back knifefishes)., p. 483-486. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre EDIPUCRS, Brasil.
↑Albert, J.S. and R. Campos-da-Paz (1998) Phylogenetic systematics of Gymnotiformes with diagnoses of 58 clades: a review of available data., p. 419-446. In L.R. Malabarba, R.E. Reis, R.P. Vari, Z.M.S. Lucena and C.A.S. Lucena (eds.) Phylogeny and classification of neotropical fishes. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS.
↑ 6.06.1Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.) (2011). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist". Species 2000: Reading, UK. Ginkuhà 24 Septyembre 2012.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
↑FishBase. Froese R. & Pauly D. (eds), 14 Hunyo 2011