El Niño

An El Niño amo an usa nga panhitabo ha Kalawdan Pasipiko. Tikang ini ha kinatsila nga may kasirigngon nga "bata nga lalaki". Mayda ini kinalaman ha pag-iiba han temperatura ha babaw han katubigan han Kalawdan Pasipiko.

Padugang nga barasahon

• Caviedes, César N. (2001). El Niño in History: Storming Through the Ages. Gainesville: University of Florida Press. ISBN 0-8130-2099-9. 
• Fagan, Brian M. (1999). Floods, Famines, and Emperors: El Niño and the Fate of Civilizations. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0-7126-6478-5. https://archive.org/details/floodsfaminesemp00faga. 
• Glantz, Michael H. (2001). Currents of change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-78672-X. https://archive.org/details/currentsofchange00glan_0. 
• Philander, S. George (1990). El Niño, La Niña and the Southern Oscillation. San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-553235-0. 
• Trenberth, Kevin E. (1997). "The definition of El Niño" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 78 (12): 2771–7. Bibcode:1997BAMS...78.2771T. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2771:TDOENO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0477.
• Kuenzer, C.; Zhao, D.; Scipal, K.; Sabel, D.; Naeimi, V.; Bartalis, Z.; Hasenauer, S.; Mehl, H.; Dech, S.; Waganer, W. (2009). "El Niño southern oscillation influences represented in ERS scatterometer-derived soil moisture data". Applied Geography. 29 (4): 463. doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2009.04.004.
• Li, J.; Xie, S.-P.; Cook, E.R.; Morales, M.; Christie, D.; Johnson, N.; Chen, F.; d’Arrigo, R.; Fowler, A.; Gou, X.; Fang, K. (2013). "El Niño modulations over the past seven centuries". Nature Climate Change. 3 (9): 822. Bibcode:2013NatCC...3..822L. doi:10.1038/nclimate1936.

Mga sumpay ha gawas

• International Research Centre on El Niño-CIIFEN
• PO.DAAC's El Niño Animations Archived 2010-11-14 at the Wayback Machine.
• National Academy of Sciences El Niño/La Niña article Archived 2010-01-27 at the Wayback Machine.
• Latest El Niño/La Niña Data from NASA Archived 2009-07-23 at the Wayback Machine.
• Economic Costs of El Niño / La Niña and Economic Benefits from Improved Forecasting Archived 2008-06-21 at the Wayback Machine. from "NOAA Socioeconomics" website initiative
• El Niño and La Niña from the 1999 International Red Cross World Disasters Report by Eric J. Lyman.
• NOAA announces 2004 El Niño
• NOAA El Niño Page Archived 2015-02-19 at the Wayback Machine.
• Ocean Motion: El Niño
• The Climate of Peru Archived 2012-03-04 at the Wayback Machine.
• What is El Niño?
• Kelvin Wave Renews El Niño — NASA, Earth Observatory image of the day, 2010, March 21
• Google Map of the El Niño Zone Zoom in on the ocean currents, wind currents, hydrothermal vents, volcanoes, tectonic plates, and weather related to the El Niño Zone.