Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton
Godfrey Kneller's 1689 portrait of Isaac Newton (age 46)
Natawo	25 Disyembre 1642(1642-12-25) [NS: 4 Enero 1643] Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth Lincolnshire, England
Namatay	20 Marso 1727 (edad 84) [NS: 31 Marso 1727] Kensington, Middlesex, England
Taga	England
Nasodhanon	English
Mga larangan	Physics, mathematics, astronomy, natural philosophy, alchemy, Christian theology
Mga instituto	University of Cambridge Royal Society Royal Mint
Alma mater	Trinity College, Cambridge
Academic advisors	Isaac Barrow Benjamin Pulleyn
Kilala nga mga tinun-an	Roger Cotes William Whiston
Nakilala mahitungod han	Newtonian mechanics Universal gravitation Infinitesimal calculus Optics Binomial series Newton's method Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica
Mga naimpluwensyahan	Henry More Polish Brethren
Nakaimpluwensya	Nicolas Fatio de Duillier John Keill
Pirma
Mga panuratan His mother was Hannah Ayscough. His half-niece was Catherine Barton.

Hi Isaac Newton (4 Enero 1643 – 31 Marso 1727) amo hya an usa ka pisiko, matematiko, astronomo, pilosopo naturales, alkemisto, teyolohiyano ngan usa ha may gidadako-i nga impluwensya ha kaagi han katawhan.

Mga reperensya

• Ball, W.W. Rouse (1908). A Short Account of the History of Mathematics. New York: Dover. ISBN 0-486-20630-0. 
• Christianson, Gale (1984). In the Presence of the Creator: Isaac Newton & His Times. New York: Free Press. ISBN 0-02-905190-8. https://archive.org/details/inpresenceofcr00chri.  This well documented work provides, in particular, valuable information regarding Newton's knowledge of Patristics
• Craig, John (1958). "Isaac Newton – Crime Investigator". Nature. 182 (4629): 149–152. Bibcode:1958Natur.182..149C. doi:10.1038/182149a0.
• Craig, John (1963). "Isaac Newton and the Counterfeiters". Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 18 (2): 136–145. doi:10.1098/rsnr.1963.0017.
• Levenson, Thomas (2010). Newton and the Counterfeiter: The Unknown Detective Career of the World's Greatest Scientist. Mariner Books. ISBN 978-0-547-33604-6. https://archive.org/details/newtoncounterfei0000leve_g7m7. 
• Stewart, James (2009). Calculus: Concepts and Contexts. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-55742-5. 
• Westfall, Richard S. (1980, 1998). Never at Rest. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-27435-4. 
• Westfall, Richard S. (2007). Isaac Newton. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-921355-9. 
• Westfall, Richard S. (1994). The Life of Isaac Newton. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-47737-9. 
• White, Michael (1997). Isaac Newton: The Last Sorcerer. Fourth Estate Limited. ISBN 1-85702-416-8. https://archive.org/details/isaacnewtonlasts0000whit. 

Dugang nga barasahon

• Andrade, E. N. De C. (1950). Isaac Newton. New York: Chanticleer Press. ISBN 0-8414-3014-4. 
• Bardi, Jason Socrates. The Calculus Wars: Newton, Leibniz, and the Greatest Mathematical Clash of All Time. 2006. 277 pp. excerpt and text search
• Bechler, Zev (1991). Newton's Physics and the Conceptual Structure of the Scientific Revolution. Springer. ISBN 0-7923-1054-3. .
• Berlinski, David. Newton's Gift: How Sir Isaac Newton Unlocked the System of the World. (2000). 256 pages. excerpt and text search ISBN 0-684-84392-7
• Buchwald, Jed Z. and Cohen, I. Bernard, eds. Isaac Newton's Natural Philosophy. MIT Press, 2001. 354 pages. excerpt and text search
• Casini, P (1988). "Newton's Principia and the Philosophers of the Enlightenment". Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 42 (1): 35–52. doi:10.1098/rsnr.1988.0006. ISSN 0035-9149. JSTOR 531368.
• Christianson, Gale E (1996). Isaac Newton and the Scientific Revolution. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-530070-X. https://archive.org/details/isaacnewtonscie00chri.  See this site for excerpt and text search.
• Christianson, Gale (1984). In the Presence of the Creator: Isaac Newton & His Times. New York: Free Press. ISBN 0-02-905190-8. https://archive.org/details/inpresenceofcr00chri. 
• Cohen, I. Bernard and Smith, George E., ed. The Cambridge Companion to Newton. (2002). 500 pp. focuses on philosophical issues only; excerpt and text search; complete edition online
• Cohen, I. B (1980). The Newtonian Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-22964-2. https://archive.org/details/newtonianrevolut0000cohe_t6j4. 
• Craig, John (1946). Newton at the Mint. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 
• Dampier, William C; Dampier, M. (1959). Readings in the Literature of Science. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-486-42805-2. https://archive.org/details/readingsinlitera0000damp. 
• de Villamil, Richard (1931). Newton, the Man. London: G.D. Knox.  – Preface by Albert Einstein. Reprinted by Johnson Reprint Corporation, New York (1972).
• Dobbs, B. J. T (1975). The Foundations of Newton's Alchemy or "The Hunting of the Greene Lyon". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://archive.org/details/foundationsofnew0000dobb_t3t1. 
• Gjertsen, Derek (1986). The Newton Handbook. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 0-7102-0279-2. 
• Gleick, James (2003). Isaac Newton. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-375-42233-1. 
• Halley, E (1687). "Review of Newton's Principia". Philosophical Transactions. 186: 291–297.
• Hawking, Stephen, ed. On the Shoulders of Giants. ISBN 0-7624-1348-4 Places selections from Newton's Principia in the context of selected writings by Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo and Einstein
• Herivel, J. W. (1965). The Background to Newton's Principia. A Study of Newton's Dynamical Researches in the Years 1664–84. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 
• Keynes, John Maynard (1963). Essays in Biography. W. W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-00189-X. https://archive.org/details/essaysinbiograph0000keyn.  Keynes took a close interest in Newton and owned many of Newton's private papers.
• Koyré, A (1965). Newtonian Studies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 
• Newton, Isaac. Papers and Letters in Natural Philosophy, edited by I. Bernard Cohen. Harvard University Press, 1958,1978. ISBN 0-674-46853-8.
• Newton, Isaac (1642–1727). The Principia: a new Translation, Guide by I. Bernard Cohen ISBN 0-520-08817-4 University of California (1999)
• Pemberton, H (1728). A View of Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophy. London: S. Palmer. https://archive.org/details/newtonphilosophy00pembuoft. 
• Shamos, Morris H. (1959). Great Experiments in Physics. New York: Henry Holt and Company, Inc.. ISBN 0-486-25346-5. 
• Shapley, Harlow, S. Rapport, and H. Wright. A Treasury of Science; "Newtonia" pp. 147–9; "Discoveries" pp. 150–4. Harper & Bros., New York, (1946).
• Simmons, J (1996). The Giant Book of Scientists – The 100 Greatest Minds of all Time. Sydney: The Book Company. 
• Stukeley, W. (1936). Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton's Life. London: Taylor and Francis.  (edited by A. H. White; originally published in 1752)
• Westfall, R. S (1971). Force in Newton's Physics: The Science of Dynamics in the Seventeenth Century. London: Macdonald. ISBN 0-444-19611-0. https://archive.org/details/forceinnewtonsph0000west. 

Relihiyon

• Dobbs, Betty Jo Tetter. The Janus Faces of Genius: The Role of Alchemy in Newton's Thought. (1991), links the alchemy to Arianism
• Force, James E., and Richard H. Popkin, eds. Newton and Religion: Context, Nature, and Influence. (1999), 342pp . Pp. xvii + 325. 13 papers by scholars using newly opened manuscripts
• Ramati, Ayval. "The Hidden Truth of Creation: Newton's Method of Fluxions" British Journal for the History of Science 34: 417–438. in JSTOR, argues that his calculus had a theological basis
• Snobelen, Stephen "'God of Gods, and Lord of Lords': The Theology of Isaac Newton's General Scholium to the Principia," Osiris, 2nd Series, Vol. 16, (2001), pp. 169–208 in JSTOR
• Snobelen, Stephen D. (1999). "Isaac Newton, Heretic: The Strategies of a Nicodemite". British Journal for the History of Science. 32 (4): 381–419. doi:10.1017/S0007087499003751. JSTOR 4027945.
• Pfizenmaier, Thomas C. (1997). "Was Isaac Newton an Arian?". Journal of the History of Ideas. 58 (1): 57–80. JSTOR 3653988.
• Wiles, Maurice. Archetypal Heresy. Arianism through the Centuries. (1996) 214 pages, with chapter 4 on 18th century England; pp. 77–93 on Newton, excerpt and text search.

Primarya nga kuruhaan

• Newton, Isaac. The Principia: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. University of California Press, (1999). 974 pp.
  • Brackenridge, J. Bruce. The Key to Newton's Dynamics: The Kepler Problem and the Principia: Containing an English Translation of Sections 1, 2, and 3 of Book One from the First (1687) Edition of Newton's Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. University of California Press, 1996. 299 pp.
• Newton, Isaac. The Optical Papers of Isaac Newton. Vol. 1: The Optical Lectures, 1670–1672. Cambridge U. Press, 1984. 627 pp.
  • Newton, Isaac. Opticks (4th ed. 1730) online edition
  • Newton, I. (1952). Opticks, or A Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections & Colours of Light. New York: Dover Publications.
• Newton, I. Sir Isaac Newton's Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy and His System of the World, tr. A. Motte, rev. Florian Cajori. Berkeley: University of California Press. (1934).
• Whiteside, D. T (1967–82). The Mathematical Papers of Isaac Newton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-07740-0.  – 8 volumes.
• Newton, Isaac. The correspondence of Isaac Newton, ed. H. W. Turnbull and others, 7 vols. (1959–77).
• Newton's Philosophy of Nature: Selections from His Writings edited by H. S. Thayer, (1953), online edition.
• Isaac Newton, Sir; J Edleston; Roger Cotes, Correspondence of Sir Isaac Newton and Professor Cotes, including letters of other eminent men, London, John W. Parker, West Strand; Cambridge, John Deighton, 1850 (Google Books).
• Maclaurin, C. (1748). An Account of Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophical Discoveries, in Four Books. London: A. Millar and J. Nourse.
• Newton, I. (1958). Isaac Newton's Papers and Letters on Natural Philosophy and Related Documents, eds. I. B. Cohen and R. E. Schofield. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
• Newton, I. (1962). The Unpublished Scientific Papers of Isaac Newton: A Selection from the Portsmouth Collection in the University Library, Cambridge, ed. A. R. Hall and M. B. Hall. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Newton, I. (1975). Isaac Newton's 'Theory of the Moon's Motion' (1702). London: Dawson.

Mga sumpay ha gawas

• Newton's Scholar Google profile
• ScienceWorld biography by Eric Weisstein
• Dictionary of Scientific Biography
• The Newton Project
• The Newton Project – Canada
• Rebuttal of Newton's astrology (via archive.org)
• Newton's Religious Views Reconsidered Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine.
• Newton's Royal Mint Reports
• Newton's Dark Secrets NOVA TV programme
• from The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy:
  • Isaac Newton, by George Smith
  • Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, by George Smith
  • Newton's Philosophy, by Andrew Janiak
  • Newton's views on space, time, and motion, by Robert Rynasiewicz
• Newton's Castle Educational material
• The Chymistry of Isaac Newton Research on his Alchemical writings
• FMA Live! Program for teaching Newton's laws to kids Archived 2016-04-02 at the Wayback Machine.
• Newton's religious position Archived 2009-08-22 at the Wayback Machine.
• The "General Scholium" to Newton's Principia Archived 2003-05-13 at Archive.is
• Kandaswamy, Anand M. The Newton/Leibniz Conflict in Context
• Newton's First ODE Archived 2007-07-05 at the Wayback Machine. – A study by on how Newton approximated the solutions of a first-order ODE using infinite series
• O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Isaac Newton", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews.
• Isaac Newton at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
• The Mind of Isaac Newton Archived 2006-12-13 at the Wayback Machine. Images, audio, animations and interactive segments
• Enlightening Science Videos on Newton's biography, optics, physics, reception, and on his views on science and religion
• Newton biography (University of St Andrews)
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Newton, Sir Isaac". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
• and see at s:Author:Isaac Newton for the following works about him:
  • "Newton, Sir Isaac" in A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature by John William Cousin, London: J. M. Dent & Sons, 1910.
  • "Newton, Isaac," in Dictionary of National Biography, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., (1885–1900)
  • Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton's life by William Stukeley, 1752

Mga sinurat niya

• Newton's works – full texts, at the Newton Project
• The Newton Manuscripts at the National Library of Israel - the collection of all his religious writings
• Works by Isaac Newton at Project Gutenberg
• Newton's Principia – read and search Archived 2009-08-10 at the Wayback Machine.
• Descartes, Space, and Body and A New Theory of Light and Colour, modernised readable versions by Jonathan Bennett
• Opticks, or a Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflexions and Colours of Light, full text on archive.org
• Newton Papers, Cambridge Digital Library
• and see at s:Author:Isaac Newton for the following works by him:
  • Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica
  • Opticks: or, a Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections and Colours of Light
  • Observations upon the Prophecies of Daniel and the Apocalypse of St. John
  • New Theory About Light and Colour
  • An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture